Melanotan I

Alpha-MSH analog · Also known as Afamelanotide, Scenesse, CUV1647, NDP-alpha-MSH

What is Melanotan I?

A linear analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that stimulates melanin production. FDA-approved (as Scenesse) for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a rare photosensitivity disorder.

Melanotan I (afamelanotide) is a 13-amino-acid linear peptide analog of alpha-MSH with a norleucine substitution that increases receptor binding and metabolic stability. Unlike Melanotan II, it is highly selective for the MC1R receptor and does not cause sexual side effects or appetite suppression.

Key takeaway: Melanotan I is the only FDA/EMA-approved melanocortin peptide. It selectively increases melanin production without the broad receptor activity and sexual side effects of Melanotan II.

Benefits & evidence

Melanin production Strong confidence
UV protection High confidence
Photoprotection in EPP Strong confidence

How it works

Melanotan I binds selectively to the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes in the skin. This activates the cAMP signaling pathway, upregulating tyrosinase and other enzymes in the melanin synthesis pathway.

The result is increased production of eumelanin (the brown/black protective pigment), which absorbs UV radiation and protects skin cells from DNA damage. Unlike Melanotan II, it has minimal affinity for MC3R and MC4R, so it does not affect appetite or sexual function.

As Scenesse, it is administered as a subcutaneous implant that slowly releases over 60 days.

Dosing information

Typical dosing protocol
Starting dose

16 mg implant

Every 60 days
Maintenance dose

16 mg implant

Every 60 days

FDA-approved as a subcutaneous implant for EPP. Research peptide versions exist as injectable solutions, but dosing protocols are not standardized.

Side effects

Most side effects tend to improve as your body adjusts.

Nausea Common
Headache Common
Darkening of moles/nevi Moderate
Implant site reactions Common

Research (10 studies)

Silica-Assisted Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SiPPS). Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2025
A systematic review of case series and clinical trials investigating systemic oral or injectable therapies for the treatment of vitiligo. Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024