NAD+

Coenzyme · Also known as Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD

Longevity Brain Recovery

What is NAD+?

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every cell that plays a central role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. NAD+ levels decline with age, and supplementation aims to restore cellular function.

NAD+ is involved in hundreds of metabolic processes including converting food to energy, maintaining DNA integrity, and regulating circadian rhythms. Research suggests that boosting NAD+ levels may help counteract age-related cellular decline. NAD+ can be delivered via injection, nasal spray, oral supplements, or IV infusion.

Key takeaway: NAD+ is a foundational molecule for cellular health that declines with age. Supplementation through various delivery methods is being studied for anti-aging, energy, and neuroprotective benefits.

Benefits & evidence

Cellular energy production Moderate confidence

DNA repair support Moderate confidence

Anti-aging and longevity Preliminary confidence

Neuroprotection Preliminary confidence

Improved metabolic function Preliminary confidence

How it works

NAD+ serves as an electron carrier in mitochondria during cellular respiration, directly fueling ATP production. It also activates sirtuins, a family of proteins involved in DNA repair, inflammation control, and longevity pathways.

As a substrate for PARP enzymes, NAD+ supports DNA damage repair. It also regulates circadian clock proteins that control sleep-wake cycles and metabolic timing.