Liraglutide

GLP-1 receptor agonist · Also known as Victoza, Saxenda

What is liraglutide?

One of the first GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for both type 2 diabetes (as Victoza) and chronic weight management (as Saxenda). It mimics the natural GLP-1 hormone to reduce appetite, slow digestion, and improve blood sugar control.

Liraglutide was originally developed by Novo Nordisk for type 2 diabetes and later approved at a higher dose for weight management. In the landmark SCALE clinical trials, the 3.0 mg daily dose produced an average of 8% body weight loss at 56 weeks, with roughly 63% of participants achieving at least 5% weight loss. While it has been largely eclipsed by newer weekly injectables like semaglutide and tirzepatide, liraglutide remains a well-established and widely prescribed option with one of the longest safety track records among GLP-1 agonists.

Key takeaway: Liraglutide was the first GLP-1 agonist approved specifically for weight management and has an extensive safety record spanning over a decade of clinical use.

Benefits & evidence

Weight loss High confidence
Blood sugar control High confidence
Appetite suppression High confidence
Cardiovascular risk reduction Moderate confidence
Prediabetes prevention Moderate confidence

How it works

Liraglutide is a modified version of human GLP-1 with a fatty acid chain attached, which allows it to bind to albumin in the blood and resist enzymatic breakdown. This extends its half-life to about 13 hours, enabling once-daily dosing. It activates GLP-1 receptors in the brain to promote satiety, in the pancreas to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and in the gut to slow gastric emptying.

By keeping GLP-1 signaling active for much longer than the natural hormone (which lasts only minutes), liraglutide helps reduce caloric intake and improve postprandial blood sugar spikes. At the 1.8 mg dose (Victoza), it primarily targets diabetes management. At the 3.0 mg dose (Saxenda), the stronger appetite suppression drives meaningful weight loss.

Dosing information

Typical dosing protocol
Starting dose

0.6 mg/day

Week 1
Maintenance dose

3.0 mg/day (Saxenda) or 1.8 mg/day (Victoza)

After 5-week titration

Dose is increased weekly by 0.6 mg increments (0.6 → 1.2 → 1.8 → 2.4 → 3.0 mg) to minimize GI side effects. Always follow your prescriber’s instructions.

Side effects

Most side effects tend to improve as your body adjusts.

Nausea Common
Diarrhea Common
Constipation Common
Headache Common
Injection site reaction Common
Pancreatitis Rare
Gallbladder disease Rare

Research (10 studies)

Early Adoption and Prescribing Patterns of Resmetirom: A Multi-Institutional National Analysis. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
[Obesity: novel pharmacological treatments]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026
Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Suicidality: A Systematic Review. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Exposures Reported To United States Poison Centers, 2017-2024. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (Mono and Combination Therapy) on Energy Expenditure: A Scoping Review. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026